What are the key points of the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020?

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New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a major reform launched by the Government of India to rebuild the Indian education system. Announced on 29 July 2020, it replaced education (1986) on 34 -year national policy. The aim of NEP 2020 is to make Indian education more overall, flexible, multidisciplinary, aligning with the needs of the 21st century, and lies in Indian values and traditions. 

Key Highlights of NEP 2020

1. Structure Shift: From 10+2 to 5+3+3+4

• Changes the old 10+2 system with a new 5+3+3+4 system::
  • Foundation or early Stage (5 years): Nursery to Grade 2 (ages 3–8)
  • Preparatory Phase (3 years): Grades 3–5 (ages 8–11)
  • Middle Phase (3 years): Grades 6–8 (ages 11–14)
  • Secondary Phase (4 years): Grades 9–12 (ages 14–18)

Focus: Early childhood care, foundational literacy, and numeracy.

2. Multilingual Education

• As a medium of instructions up to the mother tongue/regional language grade 5 (preferably up to grade 8). 
• Promotes three language formulas. 
• Encourages the conservation of Indian languages and culture.

3. Flexibility in Subjects & Streams

• Students can choose subjects across streams (Science, Arts, Commerce no longer rigid).
• Vocational education to start with grade 6 with internship. 
• Emphasis on skill development and experienced learning.

4. Focus on Critical Thinking & Conceptual Understanding

• Lack of learning. 
• The course was re-designed to promote creativity, curiosity and problems. 
• Board exams will test the main proficiency, not memoirs.

5. Higher Education Reforms

• Aim: 50% Gross Enrollment Ratio by 2035.
• Introduction of Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs).
• College degrees with multiple exit options:
  • Certificate after 1 year
  • Diploma after 2 years
  • Bachelor’s degree after 3 or 4 years
• Establishment of Academic Bank of Credit to store and transfer academic credits.

6. Holistic & Multidisciplinary Approach

• Integration of art, humanities, sports and vocational education in all streams. 
• No stringent isolation between educational and additional areas.

7. Teacher Training and Recruitment

• National professional standard for teachers (NPST) to ensure quality. 
• Emphasis on continuous business development. 
• Better teacher recruitment and performance monitoring.

8. Use of Technology in Education

• National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) is to be set up. 
• Promoting digital learning platforms, online materials and mixed learning. 
• Expansion of platforms like Dixit, Swayam, E-Pathshala.

9. Internationalization of Education

• Top global universities encouraged to install campuses in India. 
• Indian institutions will also expand internationally.

10. Inclusive & Equitable Education

• Focus on gender inclusion, special education for children and education for economically weaker sections. 
• Establishment of gender inclusion funds and special education sector.

Vision of NEP 2020

• To convert India into a knowledge superpower.
• To promote overall development, values, morality and a global approach. 
• Make India's education system ready for future and globally competitive.

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